US to continue cooperation with India to complete N-deal
Washington: The United States today said it will "continue cooperation" with India to achieve the goal of getting the Indo-US civilian nuclear agreement completed.White House Deputy Press Secretary Tony Fratto was asked in his briefing as to where the two sides stand on the accord given that Washington's pointsman for the deal, Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs Nicholas Burns, is scheduled to depart the State Department by the end of March.
"We'll continue our cooperation in order to achieve that goal of getting the agreement completed," Fratto said.Burns is stepping down from the Foreign Service at the end of March but US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said that he will continue in the capacity of an Envoy on the civilian nuclear deal.Political analysts here have cautioned that the deal is running out of time and that the ball is in India's court to move it along.
The warning to the Indian political establishment has also been that the civilian nuclear arrangement has its best chances in a Bush administration and the deal stands a very difficult time to get through a White House with a Democratic President and a fully Democrat-controlled Congress.
Thursday, February 07, 2008
Tuesday, February 05, 2008
General Questions - C#
General Questions
1. Does C# support multiple-inheritance? No.
2. Who is a protected class-level variable available to?
It is available to any sub-class (a class inheriting this class).
3. Are private class-level variables inherited?
Yes, but they are not accessible. Although they are not visible or accessible via the class interface, they are inherited.
4. Describe the accessibility modifier “protected internal”.
It is available to classes that are within the same assembly and derived from the specified base class.
5. What’s the top .NET class that everything is derived from? System.Object.
6. What does the term immutable mean?
The data value may not be changed. Note: The variable value may be changed, but the original immutable data value was discarded and a new data value was created in memory.
7. What’s the difference between System.String and System.Text.StringBuilder classes?
System.String is immutable. System.StringBuilder was designed with the purpose of having a mutable string where a variety of operations can be performed.
8. What’s the advantage of using System.Text.StringBuilder over System.String?StringBuilder is more efficient in cases where there is a large amount of string manipulation. Strings are immutable, so each time a string is changed, a new instance in memory is created.
9. Can you store multiple data types in System.Array?
No.
10. What’s the difference between the System.Array.CopyTo() and System.Array.Clone()?
The Clone() method returns a new array (a shallow copy) object containing all the elements in the original array. The CopyTo() method copies the elements into another existing array. Both perform a shallow copy. A shallow copy means the contents (each array element) contains references to the same object as the elements in the original array. A deep copy (which neither of these methods performs) would create a new instance of each element's object, resulting in a different, yet identacle object.
11. How can you sort the elements of the array in descending order?
By calling Sort() and then Reverse() methods. 12. What’s the .NET collection class that allows an element to be accessed using a unique key?HashTable.
13. What class is underneath the SortedList class?
A sorted HashTable.
14. Will the finally block get executed if an exception has not occurred?Yes.
15. What’s the C# syntax to catch any possible exception?A catch block that catches the exception of type System.Exception. You can also omit the parameter data type in this case and just write catch {}.
16. Can multiple catch blocks be executed for a single try statement?
No. Once the proper catch block processed, control is transferred to the finally block (if there are any). Explain the three services model commonly know as a three-tier application.Presentation (UI), Business (logic and underlying code) and Data (from storage or other sources).
1. Does C# support multiple-inheritance? No.
2. Who is a protected class-level variable available to?
It is available to any sub-class (a class inheriting this class).
3. Are private class-level variables inherited?
Yes, but they are not accessible. Although they are not visible or accessible via the class interface, they are inherited.
4. Describe the accessibility modifier “protected internal”.
It is available to classes that are within the same assembly and derived from the specified base class.
5. What’s the top .NET class that everything is derived from? System.Object.
6. What does the term immutable mean?
The data value may not be changed. Note: The variable value may be changed, but the original immutable data value was discarded and a new data value was created in memory.
7. What’s the difference between System.String and System.Text.StringBuilder classes?
System.String is immutable. System.StringBuilder was designed with the purpose of having a mutable string where a variety of operations can be performed.
8. What’s the advantage of using System.Text.StringBuilder over System.String?StringBuilder is more efficient in cases where there is a large amount of string manipulation. Strings are immutable, so each time a string is changed, a new instance in memory is created.
9. Can you store multiple data types in System.Array?
No.
10. What’s the difference between the System.Array.CopyTo() and System.Array.Clone()?
The Clone() method returns a new array (a shallow copy) object containing all the elements in the original array. The CopyTo() method copies the elements into another existing array. Both perform a shallow copy. A shallow copy means the contents (each array element) contains references to the same object as the elements in the original array. A deep copy (which neither of these methods performs) would create a new instance of each element's object, resulting in a different, yet identacle object.
11. How can you sort the elements of the array in descending order?
By calling Sort() and then Reverse() methods. 12. What’s the .NET collection class that allows an element to be accessed using a unique key?HashTable.
13. What class is underneath the SortedList class?
A sorted HashTable.
14. Will the finally block get executed if an exception has not occurred?Yes.
15. What’s the C# syntax to catch any possible exception?A catch block that catches the exception of type System.Exception. You can also omit the parameter data type in this case and just write catch {}.
16. Can multiple catch blocks be executed for a single try statement?
No. Once the proper catch block processed, control is transferred to the finally block (if there are any). Explain the three services model commonly know as a three-tier application.Presentation (UI), Business (logic and underlying code) and Data (from storage or other sources).
Saturday, February 02, 2008
Interuption on net connection next 10 - 15 days
Damage to the trans-Atlantic submarine (undersea) cables will continue to slow down Internet traffic and affect IT-BPO firms for another 10 to 15 days across India, even as Indian telecom operators say they are diverting traffic over alternate routes.
The voice operations (call centres) of IT-BPO firms —which comprise around 20-30 per cent of most firms in India — will be the most affected since the International Private Leased Circuits (IPLCs) are down. An IPLC is a point-to-point private line used by an organisation to communicate between offices that are dispersed throughout the world.
Submarine cables are laid beneath the sea to carry telephone and Internet traffic. They can be broken or damaged by fishing trawlers, anchoring, undersea avalanches and even shark bites. In 2006, an earthquake centred near Taiwan had severed several undersea cables, and Internet services slowed to a crawl across major parts of Asia. This time around, a storm struck the Egyptian coast on January 30, making it impossible for ships to dock at the Alexandria port.
This prompted some of the ships to anchor off seas, and it is believed a ship dropped its anchor right on the top of the submarine cable channel. The multi-country consortium cable SEA-ME-WE-4 (SMW-4) and Reliance Communications-owned Flag cable systems were mainly affected. Bharti Airtel and Tatas-owned Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd (VSNL) are Indian consortium partners and cable landing operators of SMW-4.
The companies admitted to the disruption, but added that traffic was being moved over to another consortium cable, SMW-3, which was put up by 90 countries. Other consortium cables like SAT-3 and SAFE were also believed to be affected.
Apart from India, Sri Lanka, the UK, Bangladesh and Pakistan, the Gulf countries (serviced mainly by Flag), and Europe (SMW-4) were also affected. Egypt was the most affected. In India, “there has been a 40 to 50 per cent cut in bandwidth,” according to Rajesh Chharia, president of the Internet Service Providers’ Association of India.
The big operators have transferred their broadband connectivity through the Pacific route, he said, adding: “there’s an urgent need to create more capacity so that these problems do not recur”. Smaller BPOs did admit they were badly affected but did not wish to go on record.
The larger ones said they have built-in redundancy that does not make them very vulnerable. For instance, Keshav R Murugesh, president and COO, Syntel, admitted that “there was some problem. But we have connections from both the Pacific and Atlantic routes so if one route is affected the load automatically gets transferred on the other route”.
Those firms that have delivery centres around the world will not be affected as much since they can divert some work to other centres. Moreover, a considerable amount of high-end analytics work can be done offline. Explained Integreon senior vice-president (knowledge operations), Lokendra Tomar: “We have four ISPs to cater to our requirements. This builds in redundancy. Besides, we have moved some of our work to our other delivery centres. Hence, we can mitigate the effect to quite an extent.” “While risk diversification on the Internet and IPCL connectivity is a costly option, this outage will particularly hit companies which have not prepared for such an eventuality,” noted Alok Shende, head (IT and telecom), Ovum India.
Repairing a broken undersea cable Find the location of the accident; drag the damaged part to the surface, and replace it with a new stretch of cable May also send light pulses along the fibers in the cable to determine the exact location A working fiber will transmit those pulses all the way across the ocean; a broken one will bounce it back The telecom operator then sends out a large cable ship with a few miles of fresh fibre-optic lines If the faulty part of the cable is less than about 4,000 feet down, a submersible robot can be sent The robot finds the right place; grabs hold of the cable; cuts out the malfunctioning section, and pulls the loose ends back up to the ship Robots do not work in very deep water.
In such cases, technicians use a grapnel to cut the cable and hold it A skilled technician (jointer) splices the glass fibers; uses adhesives to attach the new section of cable The repaired cable is then lowered back to the seabed on ropes
The voice operations (call centres) of IT-BPO firms —which comprise around 20-30 per cent of most firms in India — will be the most affected since the International Private Leased Circuits (IPLCs) are down. An IPLC is a point-to-point private line used by an organisation to communicate between offices that are dispersed throughout the world.
Submarine cables are laid beneath the sea to carry telephone and Internet traffic. They can be broken or damaged by fishing trawlers, anchoring, undersea avalanches and even shark bites. In 2006, an earthquake centred near Taiwan had severed several undersea cables, and Internet services slowed to a crawl across major parts of Asia. This time around, a storm struck the Egyptian coast on January 30, making it impossible for ships to dock at the Alexandria port.
This prompted some of the ships to anchor off seas, and it is believed a ship dropped its anchor right on the top of the submarine cable channel. The multi-country consortium cable SEA-ME-WE-4 (SMW-4) and Reliance Communications-owned Flag cable systems were mainly affected. Bharti Airtel and Tatas-owned Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd (VSNL) are Indian consortium partners and cable landing operators of SMW-4.
The companies admitted to the disruption, but added that traffic was being moved over to another consortium cable, SMW-3, which was put up by 90 countries. Other consortium cables like SAT-3 and SAFE were also believed to be affected.
Apart from India, Sri Lanka, the UK, Bangladesh and Pakistan, the Gulf countries (serviced mainly by Flag), and Europe (SMW-4) were also affected. Egypt was the most affected. In India, “there has been a 40 to 50 per cent cut in bandwidth,” according to Rajesh Chharia, president of the Internet Service Providers’ Association of India.
The big operators have transferred their broadband connectivity through the Pacific route, he said, adding: “there’s an urgent need to create more capacity so that these problems do not recur”. Smaller BPOs did admit they were badly affected but did not wish to go on record.
The larger ones said they have built-in redundancy that does not make them very vulnerable. For instance, Keshav R Murugesh, president and COO, Syntel, admitted that “there was some problem. But we have connections from both the Pacific and Atlantic routes so if one route is affected the load automatically gets transferred on the other route”.
Those firms that have delivery centres around the world will not be affected as much since they can divert some work to other centres. Moreover, a considerable amount of high-end analytics work can be done offline. Explained Integreon senior vice-president (knowledge operations), Lokendra Tomar: “We have four ISPs to cater to our requirements. This builds in redundancy. Besides, we have moved some of our work to our other delivery centres. Hence, we can mitigate the effect to quite an extent.” “While risk diversification on the Internet and IPCL connectivity is a costly option, this outage will particularly hit companies which have not prepared for such an eventuality,” noted Alok Shende, head (IT and telecom), Ovum India.
Repairing a broken undersea cable Find the location of the accident; drag the damaged part to the surface, and replace it with a new stretch of cable May also send light pulses along the fibers in the cable to determine the exact location A working fiber will transmit those pulses all the way across the ocean; a broken one will bounce it back The telecom operator then sends out a large cable ship with a few miles of fresh fibre-optic lines If the faulty part of the cable is less than about 4,000 feet down, a submersible robot can be sent The robot finds the right place; grabs hold of the cable; cuts out the malfunctioning section, and pulls the loose ends back up to the ship Robots do not work in very deep water.
In such cases, technicians use a grapnel to cut the cable and hold it A skilled technician (jointer) splices the glass fibers; uses adhesives to attach the new section of cable The repaired cable is then lowered back to the seabed on ropes
Sunday, December 30, 2007
My New year resolution - 2008
1,Reducing beer drinking
[only I alone take beer week end,Last year i used to take with my friend Jitender,consistently i intake hot drinks too.]
So I decided to leave this habit.Only beer this year and alone.
2,Spend time to learn Tamil grammar this year and memorising Thirukkural.
3,Go to bed early and wakeup .
[Last year I used to go bed usually 12.30am,wake up time was 8.45am]
4,Control Anger,especially with my chatmates.
5,Always think positivly and enjoy the life every moments.
6,Reasonable social work i wanted to do this year.
7,Learning C#,Python and small application developing for mobile.
8.At midst of July 2008,I plan to buy HP Notebook.
[only I alone take beer week end,Last year i used to take with my friend Jitender,consistently i intake hot drinks too.]
So I decided to leave this habit.Only beer this year and alone.
2,Spend time to learn Tamil grammar this year and memorising Thirukkural.
3,Go to bed early and wakeup .
[Last year I used to go bed usually 12.30am,wake up time was 8.45am]
4,Control Anger,especially with my chatmates.
5,Always think positivly and enjoy the life every moments.
6,Reasonable social work i wanted to do this year.
7,Learning C#,Python and small application developing for mobile.
8.At midst of July 2008,I plan to buy HP Notebook.
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